Which part of the digestive system is responsible for nutrient absorption?

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. Its structure is highly specialized to maximize the absorption of nutrients from digested food. The surface of the small intestine is lined with tiny, finger-like projections called villi and even smaller microvilli, which significantly increase the surface area available for absorption. This extensive surface area allows for efficient uptake of essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals into the bloodstream.

After food is digested in the stomach, it moves into the small intestine where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver further break down the food. The walls of the small intestine contain specific transport mechanisms that facilitate the absorption of different types of molecules, ensuring that the body can efficiently utilize the nutrients obtained from food intake.

In contrast, while the stomach starts the digestion process and the large intestine plays a role in water absorption and the formation of waste, they are not primarily tasked with nutrient absorption as the small intestine is. The pancreas is primarily involved in producing digestive enzymes and hormones, rather than directly absorbing nutrients.