Which of the following conditions is associated with an excess of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by an excess of cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands. This condition can occur due to various reasons, including tumors on the pituitary gland (Cushing's disease) or tumors on the adrenal glands themselves. The elevated levels of cortisol can lead to a range of symptoms such as weight gain, thinning skin, muscle weakness, and increased thirst and urination. Understanding the role of cortisol is crucial, as it is involved in various metabolic functions, including stress response, metabolism of carbohydrates, and regulation of inflammation. Cushing's syndrome is a specific diagnosis that directly indicates an adrenal excess, which makes it the correct choice compared to the other conditions listed.