Which aminoglycoside is known to be ototoxic and nephrotoxic?

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections. They are known for their effectiveness but also for their potential toxicity, particularly regarding the ears and kidneys. The correct answer indicates that all the listed aminoglycosides—gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin—can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear, which can lead to hearing loss or balance issues. Nephrotoxicity indicates potential harm to the kidneys, which can impair their function. Aminoglycosides have a common mechanism of action and structure that makes them susceptible to these types of toxicities.

Gentamicin is frequently associated with renal impairment and auditory damage, particularly in cases of prolonged use or in animals with pre-existing conditions. Tobramycin shares similar toxicity profiles, and these adverse effects can arise from either high doses or extended treatment durations. Amikacin, although generally considered to have a slightly lower risk of ototoxicity than gentamicin, can still lead to both ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects, especially when used inappropriately or in sensitive patients.

Thus, it is essential for veterinary professionals to be aware