What is the most common side effect associated with NSAIDs?

The most common side effect associated with NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is GI ulceration and/or bleeding. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of certain enzymes that are involved in the inflammatory process, specifically cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. This inhibition can lead to reduced production of protective mucus in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, making it more susceptible to the damaging effects of stomach acid.

In addition to contributing to ulcer formation, NSAIDs can also interfere with the normal clotting mechanism, increasing the risk of bleeding. These two factors combined explain why gastrointestinal complications are frequently observed in patients taking NSAIDs. The risk of these side effects can vary significantly based on the dosage, duration of use, and the individual patient’s health status, such as pre-existing GI conditions.

While kidney damage, respiratory distress, and skin reactions can occur as side effects of NSAIDs, they are not as commonly observed as gastrointestinal issues. This highlights the importance of monitoring patients closely for signs of GI upset, particularly in long-term NSAID therapy.