What is the function of acetylcysteine in poisoning cases?

Acetylcysteine serves a crucial role in poisoning cases, particularly as an antidote for acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) poisoning. When acetaminophen is ingested in excessive amounts, it can deplete the body's stores of glutathione in the liver, leading to severe liver damage and potentially fatal outcomes. Acetylcysteine works by replenishing glutathione levels, thereby neutralizing the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen and promoting safe excretion of the substance.

This mechanism is particularly effective because acetylcysteine must be administered within a certain time frame after acetaminophen ingestion to prevent severe liver injury. By acting as a precursor to glutathione, acetylcysteine effectively mitigates the harmful effects of the overdose and protects the liver, making it an essential treatment in these scenarios.