What is a potential side effect of furosemide?

Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is known to promote the excretion of sodium and water from the body, which can lead to an electrolyte imbalance. One of the significant side effects associated with furosemide is hypokalemia, which is a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the blood. As the drug promotes diuresis (increased urine production), it can also lead to an increased loss of potassium along with other electrolytes. This might result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac issues if the potassium levels drop significantly.

Understanding the mechanism of action of furosemide helps clarify this side effect. It works on the loop of Henle in the kidneys, where it inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption. Consequently, this inhibition not only causes an increase in urine output but also a corresponding loss of potassium, thereby leading to hypokalemia. Recognizing the balance of electrolytes when using diuretics is crucial in veterinary pharmacology, as it helps prevent complications associated with prolonged use or higher dosages.