What is a neurotransmitter?

A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance released by a nerve ending that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another. This process is essential for communication within the nervous system, allowing for the propagation of nerve impulses and facilitating various bodily functions. Neurotransmitters can have various effects depending on their type and the receptors they bind to, influencing everything from muscle movement to mood regulation.

For instance, when a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. They then bind to specific receptors on the adjacent neuron's surface, which can initiate a new nerve impulse or inhibit one, making them crucial for the proper functioning of both the central and peripheral nervous systems.