What does the term "isotonic" refer to in the context of fluid therapy?

The term "isotonic" refers to a solution that has the same osmolality as body fluids. In the context of fluid therapy, isotonic solutions are used to maintain proper fluid balance within the body without causing shifts in fluid between compartments, such as cells and the surrounding extracellular fluid. This is crucial during medical treatments, as isotonic solutions help to restore hydration without risking cell damage or complications that may arise from overhydration or dehydration.

When administering isotonic fluids, they effectively provide hydration and essential electrolytes that the body needs, mirroring the natural composition of bodily fluids. This characteristic makes isotonic solutions ideal for addressing various medical conditions, including dehydration or shock, as they help maintain blood pressure and fluid balance without altering the osmotic pressure in the cells.