What does the term "iatrogenic" refer to?

The term "iatrogenic" specifically refers to any condition or complication that arises as a direct result of medical treatment or interventions performed by a healthcare provider, such as a doctor. This can include side effects from medications, complications from surgical procedures, or any adverse outcome that is introduced by a practitioner’s actions or omissions during the course of treatment. It highlights the idea that while health professionals aim to help their patients, sometimes the treatment itself can lead to new health issues.

The other options do not accurately define "iatrogenic." Conditions caused by bacteria are referred to as "infectious," while spontaneous occurrences relate to conditions that arise without intervention, and environmental factors pertain to external influences rather than those introduced by medical actions. Thus, the correct understanding of "iatrogenic" is clearly linked to doctor-induced effects.