Vitamin ____ is an antidote for warfarin or dicoumarol toxicity.

Vitamin K1 is recognized as the antidote for warfarin or dicoumarol toxicity due to its crucial role in the synthesis of several clotting factors that are dependent on vitamin K. Warfarin and dicoumarol are anticoagulants that function by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme, which is necessary for the regeneration of active vitamin K. When there is an overdose of these anticoagulants, it results in a significant reduction of active vitamin K, leading to impaired clotting and an increased risk of hemorrhage.

Administering vitamin K1 helps to restore the levels of active vitamin K in the body, enabling the liver to produce clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are essential for normal coagulation processes. The prompt administration of vitamin K1 can rapidly reduce the effects of these anticoagulants, thereby reversing the warfarin or dicoumarol toxicity effectively.

Other vitamins listed, such as C, D, and E, do not play a role in counteracting the effects of warfarin or dicoumarol and are involved in different physiological functions and antioxidant activities rather than blood coagulation. Understanding the specific roles that vitamins play in the body can be critical for