Penicillamine should be administered in what condition?

Penicillamine is best administered on an empty stomach because the presence of food can significantly affect its absorption. When taken with food, the absorption of penicillamine can be reduced, leading to decreased effectiveness in treating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or heavy metal toxicity. For optimal therapeutic outcomes, it is recommended that patients take penicillamine at least one hour before or two hours after meals. This approach maximizes the drug's bioavailability and its ability to interact with the target conditions effectively.