______ are used to prevent or treat anemia.

Hematinics are specifically used to prevent or treat anemia by enhancing the production of red blood cells or improving the hemoglobin levels in the blood. These substances, which may include iron supplements, vitamin B12, and folic acid, are essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin and for overall red blood cell production.

Anemia can arise from various causes, including nutritional deficiencies, chronic disease, or bone marrow issues. Hematinics directly address these deficiencies or support the underlying physiological processes necessary for red blood cell formation, thereby improving oxygen transport in the body and alleviating symptoms associated with anemia.

In contrast, anticoagulants are medications that prevent blood clotting and are not indicated for anemia treatment. Antivirals are used to fight viral infections, while immunosuppressants work to dampen the immune response and are primarily used in conditions like autoimmune diseases or to prevent organ rejection. Thus, while they play important roles in veterinary medicine, they do not serve the purpose of treating or preventing anemia.